How to Stop Hedge Funds from Devastating Local News

With Alden Global Capital’s recent acquisition of the Tribune Publishing newspaper chain, the country has reached a troubling milestone: half of the daily newspaper circulation in America is now owned by hedge funds. 

This is a real threat to democracy because hedge funds and private equity firms have a track record of cutting the reporting staff of local newsrooms to increase profits. We must stop viewing this trend as inevitable. We need to confront it head on, including with public policies.

With its latest move, Alden now controls the Baltimore Sun, the Chicago Tribune, the New York Daily News, the Allentown Morning Call, the Virginian-Pilot, the Orlando Sentinel—and two others with historical meaning. The Hartford Courant, started in 1765, is the oldest newspaper in America. George Washington advertised in it; Thomas Jefferson sued it (and lost); and now Alden owns it. The Capital Gazette in Annapolis is the courageous publication where, in 2018, five staff members were massacred… and where the surviving reporters insisted on putting out the paper the next day, and every day since. 

All of these papers are now owned by an economic interest divorced from the communities they serve. Some 1,200 newspapers are now owned partially or entirely by hedge funds, private equity or investment firms, according to Penny Muse Abernathy, an expert on the local news industry. 

The problem is not that hedge funds or private equity firms are run by evil people. It’s that when it comes to newspapers, Alden has focused on maximizing cash flow by slashing costs (namely, the reporting ranks), without investing in digital subscription growth that could make the papers sustainable in the long run.

These financial institutions did not by themselves cause the local news crisis that has left thousands of communities without adequate information. The number of reporters has dropped by 60 percent since 2000 largely because the internet dismantled newspapers’ revenue sources—advertising and subscriptions. Industry consolidation—big newspaper chains buying other big chains, all financed with large amounts of debt—also contributed to the crisis. And many news organizations failed to adapt, even as the challenges became obvious. But hedge fund ownership will make it nearly impossible for most of these papers to climb out of the ditch.

While these seem like seismic forces, we can counter them if we adopt a strategy to “replant” struggling newspapers back into communities. Hundreds, if not thousands, of the 6,700 local newspapers in the U.S could be strengthened if acquired by local nonprofit institutions.

That’s what happened with the Salt Lake Tribune, which converted into a nonprofit organization. Sometimes a local business group or family can take over. That’s how the Berkshire Eagle was saved in Massachusetts.

In Colorado, a new nonprofit called the National Trust for Local News (of which I’m a co-founder) last month acquired a chain of suburban weeklies with the help of local and national philanthropy. The trust is operating these papers in partnership with the Colorado Sun, which was formed by reporters who had left the Denver Post after it had been gutted by Alden Capital. The philanthropic world needs to help such efforts to preserve local ownership of weeklies, which are prime targets for hedge funds.

But the big action must come from Congress. It could offer incentives for owners to sell these papers to local interests by waiving capital gains taxes if the acquirer is a local nonprofit organization or public benefit corporation. It could give a time-limited payroll tax break to the acquiring organizations. Congress could also, through the Small Business Administration or Commerce Department, provide loan guarantees for low interest financing for such transitions or special tax credits, similar to those available to businesses operating in enterprise zones. 

These tax changes would also benefit family newspapers that have served their communities for years and want to find new owners. Many—including Black and Hispanic newspapers—may well want to sell their operations to community-based owners, but may not find a buyer right now other than a hedge fund. 

We also need to consider improving antitrust enforcement. The Justice Department could block newspaper mergers that have a high likelihood of hurting communities. Safeguarding “localism” has been a staple of communications policy in America for almost a century. It’s the right idea.

This is not a partisan issue. If I were a conservative Republican, I’d be worried that the great majority of counties that have become news deserts are Republican. And fiscal conservatives should be very concerned. The decline of local news is associated with more government waste.

Beyond that, the closure of newspapers also causes higher political polarization,  decreased voter turnout, and increased corruption. A well-informed citizenry is essential to solving local problems.

The collapse of local news was caused by powerful forces. But that doesn’t mean we’re powerless to change the course. It starts with a simple principle: keep local news in local hands.

Editors Note: Learn more about the Local Journalism Sustainability Act in this recent "E&P Reports" Vodcast.

Steven Waldman is president of Report for America and chair of the Rebuild Local News Coalition. This article was first published in the Los Angeles Times.